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Introduction
The condition of sociolinguistics is referred to as Diglossia that has appealed to extensive attention from the article 1959 of Ferguson’s seminal. Regardless of its occurrence in lots of non-Western settings, the Diglossia is not just the situation for the exotic culture of the 3rd world but identifies many languages that are found in most parts of the globe (Schiffman, 2017). This research will be given a thorough study on the extent to which Diglossia affect the Sociolinguistic development of Greek Cypriot because the researcher would like to discover how the children in Greece are being affected by Diglossia.
Contextual Background of the Study
After the Ferguson (1959) article, in recent times, the word diglossia has not just become largely acknowledged by the sociologists and sociolinguists of language but it also has been more refined and extended from the passage of time (Snow,2013). In the beginning, the word diglossia was being used for describing a community that uses 2 or more languages for communicating internally. Diglossia is an old topic that has been studied by various researchers and it has always been enthralling to study how individuals are able to switch to two different languages at a single time. Greek language and its history are one of the most studied languages from past many decades due to its strong background in history. Thus, these points have attracted me to conduct research on how the children’s of Greek Cypriots are being affected by diglossia. To discuss the topic the theoretical framework that would be implemented is going to be the secondary research and conceptual framework of diglossia.
Problem Statement
This research is conducted to find out a solution for the effect of diglossia a linguistic variation on the sociolinguistic development of Greek Cypriot children.
Research Aim and Objectives
The aim of this research is to study how diglossia has been affecting the attitude, behaviour, emotions and mind of the Greek Cypriot children. In addition to this the objective of this research will be as follow:
- To research the idea of diglossia and assess the effect of diglossia on Greek Cypriot children attitude
- To find the solution for overcoming the effects of diglossia.
- To study the effect of diglossia on the Sociolinguistic development of Greek children
Research Question
The scope of this research is to focus on the effect of diglossia on the sociolinguistic development of Greek Cypriot children. The research questions of this research are as follow
- What are the two languages that are being used by the Greek Cypriots children?
- Which factors of sociolinguistics development of Greek Cypriots children is being affected by diglossia?
- What is the perception of the Greek Cypriots population about the effect of diglossia on their children’s sociolinguistics development?
Literature Review
From the beginning of the study of sociolinguistic on Greek communication in Cyprus, scholars have an argument on the topic of the linguistic status of the societies (Charalambous, 2012). It is basically concerned with the national language, Greek Cypriot, its other parts and the association of 1 from the 2 approved languages of Cyprus with it, moreover, the Greek demotic (a language that is spoken by the Hellenic nation of Greece) which is also called in linguists as standard Modern Greek. However, it is stated in the studies that Cyprus is being transitioned by a diglossia state, forwarding towards language illness, to a greater degree. Kambanaros & Grohmann (2013) discussed the profiling of language in bilingual children in the perspectives of Cyprus, through which they identified the language impairment by developing peers, that the language-specific was the most vulnerable factors among the children.
Serrano (2011) stated that at the stage of metalinguistic awareness age (age around 5 years), in the societies of diglossia children’s has achieved the status of standard Modern Greek, as presented in role plays in few societies, in which the modern Greek is raised for the powerful figures and for the other (like the role-play of children’s of Norwegian, with swapping among standard modern language and Greek Cypriot).
It is a direct issue for many children who are being raised among these two in the society of diglossia whose parents are mostly from the generation of Greek Cypriot. The reason is less direct for children whose parents are also from the standard Modern Greek, who were mostly born in the late era of Greek Cypriot (Charalambous, 2012). According to Agathocleous, Charalambous, et al. (2014) discussed in their book, about the social environment of Cypriot Greek which plays an important role in linguistic development, they specifically targeted the children of ages 4-16 whether they were in rural or urban and showed the tendency of the social development on the linguistic effect on children of Greek Cypriot. In addition studies have shown that the more sturdy the diglossic framework is under the society, Greek Cypriot would be adopted more rapidly, even between the standard Modern Greek language holders.
Additionally, it was claimed by Joseph’s (2004) that the analysis of Linguistic might not entirely be focused on the production of language, however, its interpretation is also significant like communication and representation, therefore diglossia might be a helpful concept for not explaining the effective characteristics of the language spoken, but explaining the interpretative characteristics of language. On the other hand, diglossia can be utilized to explain the method through which Linguistic variability is spoken.
Nevertheless, norms and values have been established because of this language, developed the standards for successful writers and speakers, and eventually, modified the future of many societal groups. In contrast, Fishman (2010) stated that the policy of language is political in numerous ways. Firstly, considering language it is an uncertain term that is not defined easily. Moreover the effort for differentiating among the heading and sub-headings of languages (like idioms, styles, dialects and registers), the political resolution is developed already. Tsiplakou (2003), proposed a study on young Cypriot Greeks in which it had been identified that hyperdialectism in youngs remains in the attitudes and behaviours which affects the shifting in linguistic language. However, two studies had been conducted in the research to test the attitudes.
With relation to the sociopolitical model, scholars have stressed that the state of Cyprus from the current background of opposition and warfare among the 2 main communities of ethnic, the Cypriot of turkey and Greece that was resulted due to the 1974 island partition has created the impact on children communication (Charalambous, 2012). Despite the struggle for resolving the issue and joining the island, it still remains unresolved.
Moreover, in this study for finding the solution to the problem statement the method that has been implemented for collecting the data is Interview (Qu & Dumay, 2011). The method interview is the most significant method for collecting data in the qualitative research that has been highly utilized while conducting ethnographic studies and field studies. Though it is not the primary approach for the collection of data in quantitative research, it is implemented usually as a small study for gathering the initial data prior to the creation of the survey. From the vast implementation of interviews in the study, a lot of research on an interview has also been carried out by researchers.
Research Methodology
Research Approach
The research Approach has been classified into two types i.e. Qualitative Research Approach and Quantitative Research Approach. According to Jackson, Camara & Drummond (2007), qualitative research is based on the methods, explanation and arguments that aims to produce a rounded and detailed understanding of the study. On the other hand, (Muijs, 2004) described quantitative research as it explains the study by collecting numerical data that can be analyzed by doing various methods of mathematics. A qualitative research approach will be applied in the current research to classify the effect of diglossia on the sociolinguistics development of Greek Cypriot children.
Research Technique
A research technique is considered a process through which the entire concept of the main research topic is explained (Hua, 2016). Following Rajasekar et al. (2013) in his article elaborated the research techniques i.e. Explanatory Research, Exploratory Research and Comparative Research. He further discussed that Explanatory research is used when the researcher is finding the answers to the questions that why the research is taking place, Exploratory research is used when the researcher wants to get more information about the study and Comparative research is used when the researcher is comparing the methods, events, hypothesis and techniques. In relation to this, the study will be implementing an explanatory research technique for describing the effect of diglossia on the sociolinguistic growth of Greet Cypriot children.
Data Collection Method
For the purpose of data collection, the researcher will be using both methods as primary and secondary methods. Ajayi (2017) explained the primary data as, it is the data that the researcher collected through different sources i.e. observations, surveys, interviews, questionnaires and case studies. Furthermore, secondary data is collected from sources which are already available on the internet and had gone through several statistical behaviours. For the primary data collection, the researcher will be interviewing 5 respondents who are parents and teachers of the Cypriot children.
Data Analysis Technique
For primary research, the thematic analysis will be used for analyzing the responses of respondents. Moreover, for the secondary research, content analysis will be used to analyze the literature associated with the study.
Limitation
There are certain limitations or gaps in the respective research study. For example, the current research is only focusing on qualitative research. Thus, it could be considered that the absence of quantitative research confines the applicability of the research study. Additionally, the entire research study is based on the Greek Cypriot reaching the respondent would be difficult.
Time Plan
Conclusion
The current proposal provides an overview of the impact of diglossia a linguistic variation on the sociolinguistic development of Greek Cypriot children. It includes a brief introduction about diglossia and how it has been influencing the children of Greek Cypriot. The method and techniques for collecting data have also been documented that would be followed in further study.
References
Agathocleous, M., Papadopoulou, E., Grohmann, k. K. & Charalambous, A., (2014). Chapter Two The Role of the Social Environment on Linguistic Development: A View from Cypriot Greek Clitic Placement. Developments in the Acquisition of Clitics, 41.
Ajayi, V.O. (2017). Primary Sources of Data and Secondary Sources of Data.
Charalambous, C. (2012). ‘Republica de Kubros’: Transgression and collusion in Greek-Cypriot adolescents’ classroom silly-talk. Linguistics and Education, 23(3), 334-349.
Fishman, J. (2010). Sociolinguistics: Language and ethnic identity in context. In J. Fishman & O. Garcia (Eds.), Handbook of language and ethnic identity (pp. xxii– xxxv). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jackson, R., Camara, S., & Drummond, D.K. (2007). What is Qualitative Research, Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 8(1), pp. 21-28
Joseph, J. (2004). Language and identity: National, ethnic, religious. Springer.
Kambanaros, M., & Grohmann, K. K. (2013). Profiling (specific) language impairment in bilingual children: Preliminary evidence from Cyprus. Solutions in the Assessment of Bilinguals, 146-174.
Muijs, D. (2004). Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS, Sage Publications.
Qu, S. Q., & Dumay, J. (2011). The qualitative research interview. Qualitative research in accounting & management, 8(3), 238-264.
Rajasekar, S., Philominathan, P., Chinnathambi, V. (2013). Research Methodology. Retrieved from, < https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0601009.pdf>, [Accessed on December 8,2018]
Schiffman, H. F. (2017). Diglossia as a sociolinguistic situation. The handbook of sociolinguistics, 205-216.
Serrano, R. (2011). From metalinguistic instruction to metalinguistic knowledge, and from metalinguistic knowledge to performance in error correction and oral production tasks. Language awareness, 20(1), 1-16.
Snow, D. (2013). Revisiting Ferguson's defining cases of diglossia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 34(1), 61-76.
Tsiplakou, S. (2003, February). Linguistic attitudes and emerging hyperdialectism in a diglossic setting: young Cypriot Greeks on their language. In Berkeley Linguistic Society (Vol. 29, pp. 120-132).
Improvement with technological advancement
For creativity purpose, different museums are using AR technology. The result for implementing AR in museums gives a magical experience to the visitors. They get 3D experience and objects move in the museum galleries (Palladino, 2017; The Franklin University, 2018). Visitors explore a variety of animations such as in The Franklin Institute statues of the first emperor have been placed. It showcases the statues that feel like, are moving in real (Pew Center of Arts, 2018). Visitors share their experience and thus museum gets more of the customers’ visits. Customers get the outstanding experience of moving objects in 3 dimensions.
The use of AR is in a different form in the National Museum of African American History and Culture. With the different application of AR, named Washington Post, the museum is giving an amazing experience because the structure of the museum is based on the different theme created with AR. Moreover, visitors can use this application to understand history as well as critique attached to it (Kennicott, 2017). With this advancement, the museum has been successful to attract a diversified segment of customers and engaged international as well as the multicultural audience (Williams, Page-Kirby, 2018).
Operations of AR in the Targeted sectors
The above section has explained the use of AR creations in different museums of the world. The AR technology will be sold to the museums because it is useful for this industry. It is also useful for the Victoria and Albert Museum in a very different way. In Victoria and Albert Museum, there is the need for advancement. This technology will give a different way of exploring the digital experience to the visitors. The visitors will get the experience of Speaking Celt using AR technology in the Victoria and Albert Museum. This is a very different kind of experience for the natives as well as international tourists. Speaking Celts is amazing for the visitors when they found objects in the museum in a very creative way. The animated avatar of the museum will be moving with the effects of 3D and tell stories related to the history of displaying the avatar. This is very much informative for the children as well as for the different age people. Moreover, the story is told in the first person voice (Breuss-Schneeweis, 2016).
Student’s experience
World Travel Market (WTM) supports new business ideas. It provides opportunities to the start-up for the growth and development of the global travel industry (Battour et al, 2012). WTM organizes events in which an individual gets entrance with the idea of different technologies. It is a great opportunity for individuals to present their unique ideas that support the global tourism industry. It is also beneficial for the students to approach WTM and present their creative ideas for the global tourism industry. The museum is one of the important parts of the tourism industry. Nowadays, museums are attracting customers using state of the art technologies. These technologies attract visitors and also tourists are encouraged to visit several places due to the adorable experience of the museums (Dunleavy and Dede, 2014).
I have also approached WTM through the website of WTM. They select my idea and ask me the required details regarding its real implication in the decided sector. Hence, I provided the required information to them. They sent me a confirmation email after confirmation and sent me an invitation to attend the event. The event was arranged in WTM Global stage. The purpose of this event is to encourage individuals with their creative ideas who have a passion to get a boom through this event. I also share information about my product in this event. Furthermore, owners appreciated my idea of AR. The idea of AR then selected for the museum among different kind of industries. It is necessary to promote our product according to the need of museums.
Conclusion
The above report has highlighted start-up details of the initial entrepreneur. The report has discussed use of technology in the tourism industry. Moreover, it has analyzed what can be the best idea for a different kind of industry. Hence, Augmented Reality (AR) has selected for the Museums. The target segment of the museum has identified in this report. People of every age like to visit the museum but children and aged people are most of the visitors to the museum. Businessmen also like to visit museums when they come with their families. People who have some relatives in the other region they also like to visit several places, hence, if they hear about an amazing place to visit they like to visit the place. The museums include different objects that attract natives as well as foreigners. Today websites are the best source which provides information to the people in the faraway region. Hence, Museums such as the Victoria and Albert Museum and other museums have selected for implementing AR technology; they can promote advancement of museum using websites. People would like to visit the museum due to the attractiveness of it.
References
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Battour, M.M., Battor, M.M. and Ismail, M., 2012. The mediating role of tourist satisfaction: A study of Muslim tourists in Malaysia. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(3), pp.279-297.
Breuss-Schneeweis, P., 2016, September. The speaking celt: Augmented reality avatars guide through a museum--case study. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct (pp. 1484-1491). ACM.
Brida, J.G., Disegna, M. and Scuderi, R., 2013. Visitors of two types of museums: A segmentation study. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(6), pp.2224-2232.
Chen, X., Xu, L., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Wang, F., Zeng, X., Wang, Q. and Egger, J., 2015. Development of a surgical navigation system based on augmented reality using an optical see-through head-mounted display. Journal of biomedical informatics, 55, pp.124-131.
Chung, N., Han, H. and Joun, Y., 2015. Tourists’ intention to visit a destination: The role of augmented reality (AR) application for a heritage site. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, pp.588-599.
Ciecko, B. 2018. Museums are the best place to find innovation in AR. Retrieved from Venture beat: <https://venturebeat.com/2018/03/27/museums-are-the-best-place-to-find-innovation-in-ar/> [Accessed on November 27, 2018]
Dunleavy, M. and Dede, C., 2014. Augmented reality teaching and learning. In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 735-745). Springer, New York, NY.
He, Z., Wu, L. and Li, X.R., 2018. When art meets tech: The role of augmented reality in enhancing museum experiences and purchase intentions. Tourism Management, 68, pp.127-139.
Hsiao, H.S., Chang, C.S., Lin, C.Y. and Wang, Y.Z., 2016. Weather observers: a manipulative augmented reality system for weather simulations at home, in the classroom, and at a museum. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(1), pp.205-223.
Jorner, J. 2017. How Augmented Reality Is Creating a New Target Market on Social Media. Retrieved from Adweek: <https://www.adweek.com/digital/james-jorner-effective-inbound-marketing-guest-post-augmented-reality/> [Accessed on November 27]
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