The Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) model, often known as the Keller Model, illustrates how a brand's image, as perceived by customers, influences its overall equity and success. It was initially introduced by Keller K.L. in his book "Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity" in 1997.
Learn More about Rolex Customer-Brand Equity (CBBE) Model
Many prominent global brands, like Rolex, have embraced the CBBE model to enhance their brand equity, focusing on the three crucial factors that impact it, including:
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Rolex's CBBE strategy is meticulously crafted and consistently robust in nearly every aspect. The brand places paramount importance on top-tier product attributes and their corresponding narratives, featuring trends and a premium-class image, effectively appealing to high-value prospects.
Find out What is Included in the Elements of (CBBE) Model
However, there are various factors that impact the brand's equity (Stoner et al, 2014, p. 200), and a better understanding of the brand values which are detailed Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) Model, can certainly influence perceived quality and reliability for the brand.
The following shows primary CBBE model core elements;
The Rolex brand performs well under all specific core elements as per the CBBE model, however, after carefully analyzing the Rolex brand equity, one could contend that optimizing the interrelationships among various brand equity elements is imperative for the Rolex CBBE Model.
A luxury brand such as Rolex, which has one of the best quality and price ratios within the industry, must also emphasis leading the human cultures towards a sustainable and healthy way of living. The brand must, in time, integrate the specific CBBE model core elements and establish itself as the leader in classy as well healthy way of living.
Sustainable brand positioning boosts profits by aligning ethics, quality, and higher prices, appealing to modern global consumers. Enhanced brand equity also mitigates stagnation and facilitates growth.
The Rolex CBBE Model has been Presented in the Chart Below
This CBBE model example presents conclusive points associated with the study;
CBBE model for Rolex (source: information obtained from Davis et al., 2013, Stoner et al., 2014 and various other sources)
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Rolex positions itself as a high-quality luxury brand targeting premium customers, but its strength lies in building a strong reputation across all segments of society, maintaining a leading position through performance, brand salience, imagery, resonance, and quality.
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Ahead of buying a luxury product an “intricate thought process” (Torelli et al, 2012, p. 951) is formed as a result of a highly concerning type buying decision-making process. Generally, luxury products are bought with the intention of satisfying extrinsic requirements like monetary status, social standing and physical appearance. Individuals who are likely to select these products often rely on the way they are perceived by other people.
As a result, a target to achieve social recognition manipulates the inspiration to purchase the product. Nonetheless, it is difficult to find out the likely social effects by evaluating the product by taking into consideration the quality features.
Therefore, branding is the best means for understanding and processing the information regarding the offered alternatives (Han et al., 2013). Rolex has become a synonym of quality assurance, a good reason for a high price and an assurance that the extrinsic objectives of the customers will be fulfilled.
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Brand equity aspects can deduct the information regarding the goods and facilitate clientele to make a better buying decision. Moreover, it creates a ‘sense of acquaintance’ with the product and links with previous buying experience with a specific brand (or product) hence the buyer feels more confident (Davis et al, 2013, p. 100).
Brand equity sources can improve the experience of the customer with any particular brand. Regular use of brand endorsement and publicity motivates the approval of using the product and supports the standing of the brand which leads to a better level of customer satisfaction. Following are the four main sources of brand equity for Rolex;
Brand loyalty is a valuable source of assessing the mindsets of customers. Rolex’s clientele fulfils the requirements of both levels of loyalty - i.e., behavioural loyalty as well as cognitive loyalty. It happens because customers are likely to prefer this specific brand of the watch as their primary option and are even ready for a higher initial cost.
Another crucial source of brand equity is powerful brand awareness. Rolex is a distinguished and famous luxury brand as well as a leading player in the luxury watch sector. In the last couple of years, the company has discovered more techniques to fuel brand awareness by means of the revolutionary use of media (Bian & Moutinho, 2011, p. 382).
With the intention of boosting and sustaining powerful brand awareness, Rolex has been making use of event sponsorships, alliances for donations and a lot of similar activities.
The luxury wristwatch brand is directly linked to expressive as well as traditional aspects. People want a product that is associated with their personal standards, objectives, desirable social standing and sentiment.
Rolex creates the centre of attraction for customers by offering products that are well-matched with their personal standards (for example, family beliefs), objectives (for example, status in society and investment), desirable social standing (for example, goods that depict high earnings, reputation) and sentiment (for example, egocentric requirements) (Han et al, 2013, p. 15).
Rolex has placed itself as a conventional design watchmaker; however, having expertise in scientific and mechanical areas as well. Rolex sells the goods at a premium price, hence fields like customer service, trademark, exceptional value and emotional characteristics need maximum focus.
The company has targeted customers who would like to have an outstanding ‘treat’ and exceptional design and artistry; hence a perceived value is very high and should be maintained continuously.
It is convenient to endorse a brand that is recognizable by the market and has been launched formerly. If Rolex would make a decision to launch a promotional campaign for a new watch it would be more successful instead of a preliminary branding activity of a similar company offering identical products.
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Brand loyalty is a considerable source of creating customer-based brand equity (CBBE). To begin with, it can decrease marketing overheads as it is convenient to maintain existing satisfied clientele instead of targeting new potential customers. The loyal clientele is likely to suggest specific products to new prospective consumers hence increasing the brand awareness (Pina et al, 2013, p. 1413).
Moreover, loyal clientele offers a steady resource of revenue which leads to higher earnings and constancy for the company. Besides, it also assists in getting time to respond to the actions of rival brands since loyal customers are not simply jumping towards rival products.
These sources of brand equity have given possibilities to Rolex to develop and expand into various segments. The brand equity of Rolex has opened all doors for its manufacturing facilities. Most prominent auctions have Rolex endorsing its products since it forms a connection with its clientele that only good high-quality products will be sold. In addition, strong brand equity generally leads to better placement of products as well as better slots during media adverts.
All in all, brand equity provides a powerful competitive lead to Rolex. Brand characteristics, for instance, custom and tradition, form entry barriers for newcomers. Since Rolex has been operating in the luxury watch industry for over a century, aspects such as custom and tradition are tied to the brand hence a newly formed luxury watch business could not match these characteristics even if it produced completely matching watches.
Bian, X., & Moutinho, L. (2011). Counterfeits and branded products: effects of counterfeit ownership. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 20(5), 379-393.
Davis, C., Kahler, J., Moran, P., & Liu, X. (2013). Tiger Woods Now Wears Rolex. Journal of Case Studies, 31(1), 96-109.
Han, Y. J., Nunes, J. C., & Drèze, X. (2013). Signalling status with luxury goods: The role of brand prominence. International Retail and Marketing Review, 9(1), 1-22.
Pina, J. M., Riley, F. D. O., & Lomax, W. (2013). Generalizing spillover effects of goods and service brand extensions: A meta-analysis approach. Journal of Business Research, 66(9), 1411-1419.
Stoner, J. L., Torelli, C. J., Monga, A. S. & Swaminathan, V. (2014). The Complex Role of Brand Meanings in Shaping Consumers’ Responses to Brands. Advances in Consumer Research, 42(10), 192-222.
Torelli, C. J., Monga, A. B., & Kaikati, A. M. (2012). Doing poorly by doing good: Corporate social responsibility and brand concepts. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(5), 948-963.
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