Citation is a fundamental aspect of academic writing, playing a pivotal role in upholding academic integrity and building the foundation of knowledge. It serves as a vital link between scholarly works, providing evidence, support, and credibility to the arguments and ideas presented.
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The citation also serves as a means of building upon existing knowledge. By referencing previous studies, theories, or findings, writers contribute to the ongoing scholarly conversation and demonstrate how their work fits into the broader context of the field. This intertextual relationship allows for the development and advancement of knowledge as new ideas emerge from the synthesis of existing research.
The following guidelines will explain how to write citation in an expert way:
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In academic writing, citations or references refer to the process of acknowledging and providing detailed information about the sources used in a research paper or scholarly work. It is a crucial aspect of academic integrity and plays a significant role in building knowledge and supporting arguments with credible evidence.
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By including accurate citations or references, authors demonstrate their ability to engage with existing scholarly literature, establish credibility, and contribute to the broader academic discourse. Proper citation practices also enable readers to locate and access the referenced sources, facilitating further exploration and fostering a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
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MLA (Modern Language Association) is extensively used in the humanities, particularly in English literature, languages, and folklore. This style employs in-text citations and a Works Cited page to provide comprehensive source information. It is also prevalent in disciplines like philosophy, history, and religious studies.
APA (American Psychological Association) is widely embraced in the social sciences, including psychology, sociology, and anthropology. It employs in-text citations and a Reference list, enabling clear source attribution and verification.
Chicago/Turabian style finds its place in history and the humanities. This style utilizes footnotes or endnotes within the text and a bibliography at the end of the document to ensure thorough source documentation.
Harvard style is predominantly utilized in the natural sciences and engineering. It employs an in-text citation system and a reference list, facilitating precise source identification and access. It is also adopted in various disciplines like medicine and dentistry.
Vancouver style is extensively employed in the medical and scientific fields. This style incorporates a numbered citation system within the text and a reference list, promoting accurate source attribution. It is commonly used in disciplines such as nursing and dentistry.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) style is primarily adopted in engineering, computer science, and electronics. It employs a numbered citation system within the text and a reference list, ensuring precise source referencing. IEEE style also finds applications in disciplines like mathematics and physics.
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Understanding the distinct citation styles empowers academic writers to adhere to the conventions of their respective fields, accurately attribute sources, and contribute to the credibility and integrity of their scholarly work. Choose the appropriate citation style that aligns with your discipline and project requirements to effectively communicate your research and honour the contributions of other scholars.
Books, journals, and other forms of information are cited differently in academic writing due to the variations in their formats, publication styles, and available information. Each source type has its unique citation requirements to provide accurate and sufficient information for readers to locate and reference the sources. The following differences on How to write citation will help you understand the different styles:
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The variations in citation styles for different sources are necessary to provide clarity, consistency, and adequate information for readers to locate and verify the sources. Following the specific citation requirements for each source type ensures proper attribution and supports the transparency and integrity of academic writing.
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The major difference between MLA and APA formats are as followed:
MLA (Modern Language Association) is typically used for papers written in the humanities, such as English or History. MLA uses parenthetical citations in the paper's main body, which means that for each source you use, you will include a piece of information in parentheses at the end of the sentence where that source is used. That information will include the author's last name and the page number where you found the information. For example:
In this sentence, "Smith" is the author's last name, and "42" is the page number where you found the quote. At the end of your paper, you will also include a Works Cited page that lists all the sources you used in your article. The format for each entry on this page will vary depending on the source type, but every listing should include at least the author's last name and the working title.
Here's an example of what an MLA Works Cited page might look like:
APA (American Psychological Association) is typically used for papers written in social sciences such as Psychology or Sociology. APA also uses parenthetical citations in the body of your paper, which means that for each source you use, you will include a piece of information in parentheses at the end of the sentence where that source is used.
The main difference between APA and MLA formatting is what goes into that piece of information at the end of each sentence. In APA format, that piece of information includes not only the author's last name and page number but also the date when that work was published like this:
Notice how we included both the author's last name and publication date in our parenthetical citation? That's what distinguishes APA from MLA formatting! Just like MLA formatting, every source used in an APA paper should be listed on a reference page at the end of your paper; however, unlike MLA format, this reference page is titled "References" instead of "Works Cited."
The entries on this reference page will look different depending on the source type, just like MLA formatting. But every listing should include at least the author's last name and year published like this:
Learning how to write citations and properly acknowledge your sources can seem daunting at first, but once you get familiar with either MLA or APA formatting--or both!--it'll become second nature! And remember, anytime you use someone else's words or ideas without giving them credit, you're committing plagiarism! So, always cite appropriately to avoid any issues with your teachers or professors.
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