How Does the Use of Psychodynamic Therapy in Comparison to Medication Help in Treating Depression in Teenagers? A PICO analysis

Methodology 

In research whether or not associated with PICO analysis, the methodology describes the methods adopted to ensure the successful completion of the study with respect to the approach, philosophy, design, and data collection methods. A research methodology allows the researcher to understand the different concepts of the study under researcher and evaluate the concepts based on theories, philosophies, hypotheses, and objectives (Mackey and Gass, 2015). For this study, the following methodology is being considered.

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Research Methodology

The two types of research methodology that are available to a researcher are Qualitative methodology and Quantitative Methodology. By the study by Skinner (2015), qualitative research is employed by researchers to understand the fundamental motives, thoughts, and motivations, and it allows for the providence of insights into issues and aids in the development of ideas and hypotheses for research. On the other hand, according to the study by Haegele and Hodge (2015), researchers use quantitative methods to generate numerical data by quantifying the problem and applying arithmetical formulas to obtain factual data. The quantitative methodology is employed in research because it aids the researchers in quantifying attitudes, sentiments, actions, and other distinct variables and simplifies the outcomes from a bigger sample of people (Antwi and Hamza, 2015).

Research Philosophy 

There are three philosophies available that researchers can adopt according to the nature of the study they are conducting. The research philosophies are as follows: Interpretivism, Positivism, and Pragmatism (Thanh and Thanh, 2015). Thanh and Thanh (2015) target the philosophy of interpretivism and explain that it pertains to the observation of real-world phenomena in a qualitative manner. The researcher needs to objectively analyze the phenomena of the real world to find patterns from the observations and make inferences from them. It allows for the integration of human interest in the study the researcher is researching. Furthermore, according to the study of Dudovskiy (2017), the author extricates that researchers who adopt the philosophy of interpretivism assume that they have access to reality only through the development of a social construct such as language, consciousness, shared meanings, and instruments. 

According to the study by Campbell (2016), many researchers have acknowledged the fact that the research philosophy of positivism is difficult to explain in a succinct and precise manner. This is because there is a vast amount of difference in the research settings adopted by different researchers. Ray (2017) elucidates that the philosophy of positivism pertains to obtaining factual knowledge that can be gained through the observation of real-world phenomena and enables the researcher to obtain reliable data. The role of researchers who adopt the philosophy of positivism in their studies is related to the collection of data and interpretation of the data in an objective manner (Caldwell, 2015). Additionally, positivism depends on quantifiable observations, leading to statistical analysis. Lastly, in such studies, the researcher is independent, and there are no requirements for human interest.

Research Approach

The researcher in their study can adopt three types of research approaches: inductive, deductive, and abductive. In the study of Liu (2016), the authors explain that an inductive approach or inductive reasoning begins by making real-world observations. Following this, the theories are proposed at the end of the research process, which results from the observations made. Greenfield et al. (2015) extricate that inductive research pertains to the search for patterns from the observations made. It facilitates the development of explanations or theories for the identified patterns through a sequence of propositions.

Furthermore, according to the study by Wheatley (2015), at the beginning of research that employs the use of an inductive approach, no theories or hypotheses are applied, and the researcher is free to shape the direction of the researcher to ensure the research being carried out is of high quality. An important aspect to highlight about research that employs an inductive approach is that this approach does not disregard the use of theories when formulating objectives and research questions (Hamilton, W., Ying and Leskovec, 2017). The study of Grinchenko and Shchapova (2020) extricates that researchers that employ a deductive approach are concerned with developing a hypothesis based on an existing theory and then tend to work on developing a research strategy that tests the hypothesis to be true or false.

Zalaghi and Khazaei (2016) describe that a deductive approach means studying a particular aspect of the real world and then generalizing the results. For example, if a causal relationship between one or more variables can be implied with a theory or a case example, a deductive approach would test the relationship between these variables to acquire information on prevailing circumstances. According to the study by Spector and Pindek (2016), the development of a hypothesis in research aid the explanation of a deductive approach being adopted that can be consequential from the proposals of the theory. In simpler terms, the deductive approach is concerned with construing assumptions from premises or suggestions.

Data collection

In the study by Katz (2015), the author describes the qualitative method as a research method focused on obtaining data through quality means, such as interviews or open-ended questionnaires. Researchers who employ the use this method in their research are inclined toward not only finding out “What” people think about a certain phenomenon but also explores on the question of “Why do people think like that (Glesne, 2016). Silverman (2016) describes the data collection methods associated with qualitative research, most commonly employed by researchers, including unstructured or semi-structured techniques, such as interviews.

These data collection methods allow the researcher to discover trends in opinions and views and dive deeper into the issue. Contrarily, Hartas (2015) describes quantitative research as a methodical examination of phenomena by the congregation of quantifiable data and the execution of mathematical methods to gain realistic data based on evidence. The data collection methods employed for quantifiable data pertain to using or sending out online surveys, polls, questionnaires, etc. The results obtained from these data collection methods can be reconstructed into computable data (McCusker and Gunaydin, 2015). 

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